Tag Archives: Executor

Knives Out

knives-out

My husband and I went to see Knives Out in the theater, before the theaters were closed. The movie is glorious—stunningly beautiful cinematography and wonderful performances by an all-star cast, old favorites and newcomers alike.

Harlan Thrombey, celebrated mystery writer, is dead. His housekeeper finds him in his upstairs study the morning after his 85th birthday party, throat slit with a knife—a death worthy of any of his wildly popular novels. The police have concluded it was a suicide, but they come back to the house to interview Harlan’s family members, just to make sure they aren’t missing anything. Each family member sits in the interview chair with a giant piece of artwork behind them, a thousand knives and daggers arranged in circles around a sort of empty donut hole in the middle—an objet d’art that is wonderfully expressive of the movie’s “who dunnit and why?” theme. While the police ask their questions, a gentleman lounges behind them, listening to the testimony and occasionally playing a single note on the piano. He tries to remain in the background and let the cops do their job, but he cannot stay quiet and eventually jumps up and begins questioning the witnesses.

The gentleman sleuth is Benoit Blanc, who was hired to look into the matter by—we don’t know whom. He received an envelope with cash and a newspaper article about Harlan’s death. After the unsatisfying testimony of Harlan’s children and their spouses (dissemblers, all), Blanc enlists the help of Harlan’s nurse, Marta Cabrera, to help him look into the facts and events surrounding Harlan’s death.

I will not spoil the plot for you. (Well, not much, anyway). There are two things I want to talk about. The first is the setting. In the vein of Midsomer Murders, Harlan’s mansion is every bit one of the characters. The film was shot in Massachusetts in the fall, partly at the Ames mansion and partly at an undisclosed private home. The mansion is all mahogany and stained-glass windows and filled with marvelous period pieces like a carved wood sea captain on the stair case landing, a bronze sculpture of two German shepherds, vintage magic posters, a “stash clock” on the mantlepiece, and so on. I seriously need the set decorators from this movie to give our house a makeover.

The second is, of course, Harlan’s will. Harlan’s attorney arrives at the mansion for the reading of the will, something which I guess used to be a “thing” in estate law practice but has gone the way of all flesh, as far as I can tell. Blanc tells Marta to forget the drama of the reading, to think of it instead as being like a “community theater production of a tax return.” Ha ha—wills are a lot more exciting than tax returns, I dare say. And indeed, the reading of the will is pretty exciting. Before they even get that far, Harlan’s children, their spouses and children literally get into a fist fight.

The lawyer “sets up” and summons the family in. He produces and reads aloud two documents: the first is a short statement written by Harlan and addressed to his family members, encouraging them to accept his will—“It’s for the best.” The second is the will itself, which appears to be a one-page document with no witness signatures evident and which the lawyer says Harlan drafted himself and delivered to the lawyer’s office the previous week. (Wow—really? Exactly what did he hire the lawyer for? Document storage?) Harlan needed a good estate planner: No witnesses, no trust, no named executor; just a big load of estate taxes and probate fees.

But the film, as you may imagine, centers on the big surprise Harlan had up his sleeve, one that does not please his progeny: they have all been disinherited. His children press the lawyer for help—how can this be set aside? The lawyer—who (ethics alert!) was Harlan’s lawyer even if he did not draft the will—gives them advice: if he was of sound mind, you not liking it doesn’t make it invalid. But what about undue influence, one of them asks. “Did you just Google that?” shoots back the lawyer. But there is no basis for this either—Harlan left everything to a person who impressed him by having a good heart and working hard. All they have left is the Slayer Rule: which (in Nevada, anyway) provides that one who intentionally and feloniously kills another cannot benefit from the killing by inheriting from the deceased victim. But Harlan committed suicide, the lawyer points out. No good either. Or…is it?

Go see the movie. It’s really good. Ebert gives it the thumbs up: https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/knives-out-2019. I bet you Siskel would have liked it too.

Who Is Qualified to Serve as Administrator of an Estate?

Treasure Chest

Some years ago a wealthy older man I’ll call “Boris” got married to a foreign national half his age. Boris was a Nevada resident. He brought “Natasha” to the U.S. after their marriage. She was intelligent but did not speak English well and was unfamiliar with American culture and basic business practices. Boris had two adult children from a prior marriage who both lived out of state. Three years after his marriage to Natasha, Boris died without any estate planning in place. At his death, who was qualified to be the administrator of his estate?

If Boris had made a will, he could have nominated whomever he wanted to act as executor of his estate. (As a note on vocabulary, the term “executor” refers to someone nominated in a will, whereas the term “administrator” refers to someone appointed by the court in a situation where there is no will.) If a Nevada resident dies without a will, that person’s estate may be administered by a qualified person. The Nevada probate code sets forth the priority in which the court will consider candidates; a surviving spouse has first priority, and a child (18 or older) has second priority.

Need I say that Boris’s adult children did not get along with Natasha all that well? They did not trust her at all, and they believed she did not speak English well enough nor understand basic survival skills nor basic obligations (e.g. that Boris’s death did not mean his bills didn’t have to be paid) to be the administrator of their father’s estate.

What qualifies someone to act as the administrator of an estate where there is no will? An administrator must be at least age 18 and not convicted of a felony, unless the court determines that such a conviction should not disqualify the person. Someone will be disqualified if upon proof, he or she is adjudged by the court to be disqualified by reason of conflict of interest, drunkenness, improvidence, or lack of integrity or understanding. Finally, the person must either be a Nevada resident or must associate as a co-administrator with someone who is a Nevada resident.

Boris’s children had two impediments to petitioning for appointment of themselves as administrator: they were not Nevada residents and they did not have priority over Natasha because she was Boris’s surviving spouse. In order to prevent Natasha from serving as administrator of the estate, it was necessary for them to prove in court that Natasha was disqualified by reason of improvidence or lack of integrity or understanding. In the end, however, neither Natasha nor the children were appointed administrator. Instead, Natasha invoked a statute that allowed her, as the person with first priority, to nominate someone else to act as administrator—and she nominated a local accountant who was perfectly qualified and did a great job.

Lesson learned? Do some estate planning—preferably while you are still well enough to think clearly and act independently. Choose a personal representative who is both competent and trustworthy. Boris could have avoided a fight among his relatives by executing a will naming someone to act as executor of his estate, and he could have better provided for disposition of his assets—which were significant.

You may be wondering what happened to Boris’s estate—who was entitled to receive his property? Stay tuned for the next installment of As the Probate World Turns.